规格模式(Specification)


1、模式定义

规格模式(Specification)可以认为是组合模式的一种扩展。有时项目中某些条件决定了业务逻辑,这些条件就可以抽离出来以某种关系(与、或、非)进行组合,从而灵活地对业务逻辑进行定制。另外,在查询、过滤等应用场合中,通过预定义多个条件,然后使用这些条件的组合来处理查询或过滤,而不是使用逻辑判断语句来处理,可以简化整个实现逻辑。 这里的每个条件就是一个规格,多个规格/条件通过串联的方式以某种逻辑关系形成一个组合式的规格。

2、UML类图

Specification-Design-Pattern-Uml

3、示例代码

Item.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

class Item
{
    protected $price;

    /**
     * An item must have a price
     *
     * @param int $price
     */
    public function __construct($price)
    {
        $this->price = $price;
    }

    /**
     * Get the items price
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function getPrice()
    {
        return $this->price;
    }
}

SpecificationInterface.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 规格接口
 */
interface SpecificationInterface
{
    /**
     * 判断对象是否满足规格
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);

    /**
     * 创建一个逻辑与规格(AND)
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $spec
     */
    public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec);

    /**
     * 创建一个逻辑或规格(OR)
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $spec
     */
    public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec);

    /**
     * 创建一个逻辑非规格(NOT)
     */
    public function not();
}

AbstractSpecification.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 规格抽象类
 */
abstract class AbstractSpecification implements SpecificationInterface
{
    /**
     * 检查给定Item是否满足所有规则
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    abstract public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);

    /**
     * 创建一个新的逻辑与规格(AND)
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $spec
     *
     * @return SpecificationInterface
     */
    public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec)
    {
        return new Plus($this, $spec);
    }

    /**
     * 创建一个新的逻辑或组合规格(OR)
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $spec
     *
     * @return SpecificationInterface
     */
    public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec)
    {
        return new Either($this, $spec);
    }

    /**
     * 创建一个新的逻辑非规格(NOT)
     *
     * @return SpecificationInterface
     */
    public function not()
    {
        return new Not($this);
    }
}

Plus.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 逻辑与规格(AND)
 */
class Plus extends AbstractSpecification
{

    protected $left;
    protected $right;

    /**
     * 在构造函数中传入两种规格
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $left
     * @param SpecificationInterface $right
     */
    public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left, SpecificationInterface $right)
    {
        $this->left = $left;
        $this->right = $right;
    }

    /**
     * 返回两种规格的逻辑与评估
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
    {
        return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) && $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);
    }
}

Either.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 逻辑或规格
 */
class Either extends AbstractSpecification
{

    protected $left;
    protected $right;

    /**
     * 两种规格的组合
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $left
     * @param SpecificationInterface $right
     */
    public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left, SpecificationInterface $right)
    {
        $this->left = $left;
        $this->right = $right;
    }

    /**
     * 返回两种规格的逻辑或评估
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
    {
        return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) || $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);
    }
}

Not.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 逻辑非规格
 */
class Not extends AbstractSpecification
{

    protected $spec;

    /**
     * 在构造函数中传入指定规格
     *
     * @param SpecificationInterface $spec
     */
    public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $spec)
    {
        $this->spec = $spec;
    }

    /**
     * 返回规格的相反结果
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
    {
        return !$this->spec->isSatisfiedBy($item);
    }
}

PriceSpecification.php

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification;

/**
 * 判断给定Item的价格是否介于最小值和最大值之间的规格
 */
class PriceSpecification extends AbstractSpecification
{
    protected $maxPrice;
    protected $minPrice;

    /**
     * 设置最大值
     *
     * @param int $maxPrice
     */
    public function setMaxPrice($maxPrice)
    {
        $this->maxPrice = $maxPrice;
    }

    /**
     * 设置最小值
     *
     * @param int $minPrice
     */
    public function setMinPrice($minPrice)
    {
        $this->minPrice = $minPrice;
    }

    /**
     * 判断给定Item的定价是否在最小值和最大值之间
     *
     * @param Item $item
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)
    {
        if (!empty($this->maxPrice) && $item->getPrice() > $this->maxPrice) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!empty($this->minPrice) && $item->getPrice() < $this->minPrice) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}

4、测试代码

Tests/SpecificationTest.php

<?php

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification\PriceSpecification;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Specification\Item;

/**
 * SpecificationTest 用于测试规格模式
 */
class SpecificationTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testSimpleSpecification()
    {
        $item = new Item(100);
        $spec = new PriceSpecification();

        $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMaxPrice(50);
        $this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMaxPrice(150);
        $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMinPrice(101);
        $this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMinPrice(100);
        $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));
    }

    public function testNotSpecification()
    {
        $item = new Item(100);
        $spec = new PriceSpecification();
        $not = $spec->not();

        $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMaxPrice(50);
        $this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMaxPrice(150);
        $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMinPrice(101);
        $this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec->setMinPrice(100);
        $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));
    }

    public function testPlusSpecification()
    {
        $spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
        $spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
        $plus = $spec1->plus($spec2);

        $item = new Item(100);

        $this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
        $spec2->setMinPrice(50);
        $this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
        $spec2->setMinPrice(101);
        $this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
        $spec2->setMinPrice(50);
        $this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));
    }

    public function testEitherSpecification()
    {
        $spec1 = new PriceSpecification();
        $spec2 = new PriceSpecification();
        $either = $spec1->either($spec2);

        $item = new Item(100);

        $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
        $spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
        $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);
        $spec2->setMaxPrice(0);
        $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(0);
        $spec2->setMaxPrice(150);
        $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));

        $spec1->setMaxPrice(99);
        $spec2->setMaxPrice(99);
        $this->assertFalse($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));
    }
}

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